magic-string

What is magic-string?

The magic-string package is a utility library designed for use in compilers and other tools that manipulate strings, particularly for source code transformations. It allows for efficient editing of string content, such as adding, replacing, and removing sections, while keeping track of original and modified positions. This is particularly useful for tasks like source map generation, code rewriting, and more.

What are magic-string's main functionalities?

Generate a source map

This feature demonstrates how to prepend and append content to a string and generate a source map for the transformation. It's useful for tracking changes between the original and transformed code.

const MagicString = require('magic-string');
let s = new MagicString('export var answer = 42;');
s.prepend('/* hello */\n').append('\n/* world */');
console.log(s.toString());
console.log(s.generateMap({ hires: true }));

Replace content

This feature shows how to replace a specific part of the string ('answer' with 'question'). It's particularly useful for code modifications where precise control over the text is needed.

const MagicString = require('magic-string');
let s = new MagicString('export var answer = 42;');
s.overwrite(12, 17, 'question');
console.log(s.toString());

Remove content

This feature illustrates how to remove a section of the string (the 'export ' part). It's useful for cleaning up or simplifying code by removing unnecessary parts.

const MagicString = require('magic-string');
let s = new MagicString('export var answer = 42;');
s.remove(0, 7);
console.log(s.toString());

Other packages similar to magic-string

recast

Recast is a JavaScript AST transformer that allows you to parse your code into an abstract syntax tree (AST), apply transformations to it, and then generate the modified code back. Unlike magic-string, which operates directly on strings, Recast works on a higher level of abstraction but can be more powerful for complex transformations.

escodegen

Escodegen is a code generator from an ESTree-compliant AST, similar to Recast in that it works with ASTs for code manipulation. While it doesn't offer the direct string manipulation capabilities of magic-string, it's useful for generating source code from ASTs, potentially after transformations have been applied.

README

magic-string

Suppose you have some source code. You want to make some light modifications to it - replacing a few characters here and there, wrapping it with a header and footer, etc - and ideally you'd like to generate a source map at the end of it. You've thought about using something like recast (which allows you to generate an AST from some JavaScript, manipulate it, and reprint it with a sourcemap without losing your comments and formatting), but it seems like overkill for your needs (or maybe the source code isn't JavaScript).

Your requirements are, frankly, rather niche. But they're requirements that I also have, and for which I made magic-string. It's a small, fast utility for manipulating strings and generating sourcemaps.

Installation

magic-string works in both node.js and browser environments. For node, install with npm:

npm i magic-string

To use in browser, grab the magic-string.umd.js file and add it to your page:

<script src='magic-string.umd.js'></script>

(It also works with various module systems, if you prefer that sort of thing - it has a dependency on vlq.)

Usage

These examples assume you're in node.js, or something similar:

import MagicString from 'magic-string';
import fs from 'fs'

const s = new MagicString('problems = 99');

s.update(0, 8, 'answer');
s.toString(); // 'answer = 99'

s.update(11, 13, '42'); // character indices always refer to the original string
s.toString(); // 'answer = 42'

s.prepend('var ').append(';'); // most methods are chainable
s.toString(); // 'var answer = 42;'

const map = s.generateMap({
  source: 'source.js',
  file: 'converted.js.map',
  includeContent: true
}); // generates a v3 sourcemap

fs.writeFileSync('converted.js', s.toString());
fs.writeFileSync('converted.js.map', map.toString());

You can pass an options argument:

const s = new MagicString(someCode, {
  // these options will be used if you later call `bundle.addSource( s )` - see below
  filename: 'foo.js',
  indentExclusionRanges: [/*...*/],
  // mark source as ignore in DevTools, see below #Bundling
  ignoreList: false
});

Methods

s.addSourcemapLocation( index )

Adds the specified character index (with respect to the original string) to sourcemap mappings, if hires is false (see below).

s.append( content )

Appends the specified content to the end of the string. Returns this.

s.appendLeft( index, content )

Appends the specified content at the index in the original string. If a range ending with index is subsequently moved, the insert will be moved with it. Returns this. See also s.prependLeft(...).

s.appendRight( index, content )

Appends the specified content at the index in the original string. If a range starting with index is subsequently moved, the insert will be moved with it. Returns this. See also s.prependRight(...).

s.clone()

Does what you'd expect.

s.generateDecodedMap( options )

Generates a sourcemap object with raw mappings in array form, rather than encoded as a string. See generateMap documentation below for options details. Useful if you need to manipulate the sourcemap further, but most of the time you will use generateMap instead.

s.generateMap( options )

Generates a version 3 sourcemap. All options are, well, optional:

• file - the filename where you plan to write the sourcemap
• source - the filename of the file containing the original source
• includeContent - whether to include the original content in the map's sourcesContent array
• hires - whether the mapping should be high-resolution. Hi-res mappings map every single character, meaning (for example) your devtools will always be able to pinpoint the exact location of function calls and so on. With lo-res mappings, devtools may only be able to identify the correct line - but they're quicker to generate and less bulky. You can also set "boundary" to generate a semi-hi-res mappings segmented per word boundary instead of per character, suitable for string semantics that are separated by words. If sourcemap locations have been specified with s.addSourcemapLocation(), they will be used here.

The returned sourcemap has two (non-enumerable) methods attached for convenience:

• toString - returns the equivalent of JSON.stringify(map)
• toUrl - returns a DataURI containing the sourcemap. Useful for doing this sort of thing:

code += '\n//# sourceMappingURL=' + map.toUrl();

s.hasChanged()

Indicates if the string has been changed.

s.indent( prefix[, options] )

Prefixes each line of the string with prefix. If prefix is not supplied, the indentation will be guessed from the original content, falling back to a single tab character. Returns this.

The options argument can have an exclude property, which is an array of [start, end] character ranges. These ranges will be excluded from the indentation - useful for (e.g.) multiline strings.

s.insertLeft( index, content )

DEPRECATED since 0.17 – use s.appendLeft(...) instead

s.insertRight( index, content )

DEPRECATED since 0.17 – use s.prependRight(...) instead

s.isEmpty()

Returns true if the resulting source is empty (disregarding white space).

s.locate( index )

DEPRECATED since 0.10 – see #30

s.locateOrigin( index )

DEPRECATED since 0.10 – see #30

s.move( start, end, index )

Moves the characters from start and end to index. Returns this.

s.overwrite( start, end, content[, options] )

Replaces the characters from start to end with content, along with the appended/prepended content in that range. The same restrictions as s.remove() apply. Returns this.

The fourth argument is optional. It can have a storeName property — if true, the original name will be stored for later inclusion in a sourcemap's names array — and a contentOnly property which determines whether only the content is overwritten, or anything that was appended/prepended to the range as well.

It may be preferred to use s.update(...) instead if you wish to avoid overwriting the appended/prepended content.

s.prepend( content )

Prepends the string with the specified content. Returns this.

s.prependLeft ( index, content )

Same as s.appendLeft(...), except that the inserted content will go before any previous appends or prepends at index

s.prependRight ( index, content )

Same as s.appendRight(...), except that the inserted content will go before any previous appends or prepends at index

s.replace( regexpOrString, substitution )

String replacement with RegExp or string. When using a RegExp, replacer function is also supported. Returns this.

import MagicString from 'magic-string'

const s = new MagicString(source)

s.replace('foo', 'bar')
s.replace(/foo/g, 'bar')
s.replace(/(\w)(\d+)/g, (_, $1, $2) => $1.toUpperCase() + $2)

The differences from String.replace:

• It will always match against the original string
• It mutates the magic string state (use .clone() to be immutable)

s.replaceAll( regexpOrString, substitution )

Same as s.replace, but replace all matched strings instead of just one. If substitution is a regex, then it must have the global (g) flag set, or a TypeError is thrown. Matches the behavior of the builtin String.property.replaceAll.

s.remove( start, end )

Removes the characters from start to end (of the original string, not the generated string). Removing the same content twice, or making removals that partially overlap, will cause an error. Returns this.

s.reset( start, end )

Resets the characters from start to end (of the original string, not the generated string). It can be used to restore previously removed characters and discard unwanted changes.

s.slice( start, end )

Returns the content of the generated string that corresponds to the slice between start and end of the original string. Throws error if the indices are for characters that were already removed.

s.snip( start, end )

Returns a clone of s, with all content before the start and end characters of the original string removed.

s.toString()

Returns the generated string.

s.trim([ charType ])

Trims content matching charType (defaults to \s, i.e. whitespace) from the start and end. Returns this.

s.trimStart([ charType ])

Trims content matching charType (defaults to \s, i.e. whitespace) from the start. Returns this.

s.trimEnd([ charType ])

Trims content matching charType (defaults to \s, i.e. whitespace) from the end. Returns this.

s.trimLines()

Removes empty lines from the start and end. Returns this.

s.update( start, end, content[, options] )

Replaces the characters from start to end with content. The same restrictions as s.remove() apply. Returns this.

The fourth argument is optional. It can have a storeName property — if true, the original name will be stored for later inclusion in a sourcemap's names array — and an overwrite property which defaults to false and determines whether anything that was appended/prepended to the range will be overwritten along with the original content.

s.update(start, end, content) is equivalent to s.overwrite(start, end, content, { contentOnly: true }).

Bundling

To concatenate several sources, use MagicString.Bundle:

const bundle = new MagicString.Bundle();

bundle.addSource({
  filename: 'foo.js',
  content: new MagicString('var answer = 42;')
});

bundle.addSource({
  filename: 'bar.js',
  content: new MagicString('console.log( answer )')
});

// Sources can be marked as ignore-listed, which provides a hint to debuggers
// to not step into this code and also don't show the source files depending
// on user preferences.
bundle.addSource({
  filename: 'some-3rdparty-library.js',
  content: new MagicString('function myLib(){}'),
  ignoreList: false // <--
})

// Advanced: a source can include an `indentExclusionRanges` property
// alongside `filename` and `content`. This will be passed to `s.indent()`
// - see documentation above

bundle.indent() // optionally, pass an indent string, otherwise it will be guessed
  .prepend('(function () {\n')
  .append('}());');

bundle.toString();
// (function () {
//   var answer = 42;
//   console.log( answer );
// }());

// options are as per `s.generateMap()` above
const map = bundle.generateMap({
  file: 'bundle.js',
  includeContent: true,
  hires: true
});

As an alternative syntax, if you a) don't have filename or indentExclusionRanges options, or b) passed those in when you used new MagicString(...), you can simply pass the MagicString instance itself:

const bundle = new MagicString.Bundle();
const source = new MagicString(someCode, {
  filename: 'foo.js'
});

bundle.addSource(source);

License

MIT

Changelog

0.30.12 (2024-10-11)

Performance Improvements

• skip line break mappings (#284) (5b1ecf7)